https://bright-media01.prd.brightmls.com/bright/images/0000/8030/5754/5986/803057545986_1024_768_WM_zC7GYEHcJxybkVlo.jpg

Back to Search

7862 2nd St

Stanton, CA, 90680

For Sale $3,350,000

$3,350,000

☆☆☆☆☆★★★★★
Five Stars
(0)

11 Units
Unknown Sq Ft
19,602 Sq Ft
Unknown Cap Rate

Description

5.81% Current CAP Rate. We are proud to present 7862 2nd St, located in the City of Stanton. Built in 1971, this eleven-unit two-story garden-style walk-up consists of one- and two-bedroom units. The property’s exterior and interiors have been renovated in 2024, leaving an investor a desirable asset with good in place rents. The exterior has new paint, double-pane vinyl windows, clean landscaping, wall air-conditioning, and attractive curb appeal. There are eleven garages and nine surface spots, giving the property twenty total parking for tenants. There is a leased on-site laundry room, and the garage doors are all new. Near the rear of the building there is some seating for tenants, and the upper units have balconies. The building is an electric building, so there is no gas expense. The property is separately metered for electricity, and units have security screen doors.

The property is conveniently located off Beach Boulevard and less than 5 miles from Disneyland Resort, Disney California Adventure Park, and less than 3 miles from The Source OC Shopping center, Medieval Times, Knott’s Berry Farm, Ralphs, Target, and Whole Foods Market.

Loading map...

Amenities

Garage

Pool

Garden

Security System

Internet

Telephone

Heating

Fireplace

Balcony & Patio

TV / Cable

Laundry

Hardwood Floors

Spa

Air Conditioning

Solar Power

Floor Plan

Great Views

Natural Light

Quiet

Water View

Elevator

Guest Unit(s)

Furnished

220 Volt

Property Details

List Price	$3,350,000
Property Type	Flex Space
Usable Sqft	Unknown
Number of Stories	2 stories
Parking Spots	11 spots
Year Built	1971
Last Sold	Unknown
Sold Price	Unknown
HOA Fees:	$0
Association Name:	Unknown
Association Amenities:	Unknown

APN #	07923205
MLS #	OC25030242
Property ID	321377417
Lot Sqft	19,602
Zoning	Unknown
Total Units	11
Days on Market	13
Original List Price	$3,350,000
Applicances	Electric Oven,Electric Range,Electric Water Heater,Disposal,Water Heater%
Date Updated	April 02, 2025
Date Created	March 21, 2025

Financials

Unit #	Beds	Baths	Current Rent	Proforma Rent
Unit #1			$22,800	$0

Net Income (Yr)	$ 194,486
Cap Rate	5.81%

Mortgage Center

Listed Price

Down Payment

Compare rates

Interest Rate

Show Advance Options

Property Tax

Home Insurance

Per Month

HOA Dues

Per Month

Include Property Taxes

Include Home Insurance

Include HOA Dues

CanvasJS.com

Your payment
$23,591
per month

Mortgage Calculator

See your potential mortage payment

Principle & Interest

Property Taxes

Home Insurance

HOA Dues

CanvasJS.com

Estimated payment	$23,591 /mo
Loan amount	$3,350,000
Down payment	$0
Interest rate	7.5%
Loan term	30 years
Taxes & insurance included?	YES
Property tax	1.2%/YR
Homeowner's insurance	$67/mo
HOA dues	$0/mo

Payment Breakdown

CanvasJS.com

Your payment
$23,591
per month

Amortization

CanvasJS.com

Principal vs. interest

CanvasJS.com

Amortization Schedule

Over 360 months you will spend $5,082,217 in interest.

MONTH	PRINCIPAL & INTEREST	PRINCIPAL	INTEREST	PRINCIPAL REMAINING
1	$23,424	$2,487	$20,938	$3,347,514
2	$23,424	$2,502	$20,922	$3,345,011
3	$23,424	$2,518	$20,906	$3,342,494
4	$23,424	$2,533	$20,891	$3,339,960
5	$23,424	$2,549	$20,875	$3,337,411
6	$23,424	$2,565	$20,859	$3,334,846
7	$23,424	$2,581	$20,843	$3,332,265
8	$23,424	$2,597	$20,827	$3,329,667
9	$23,424	$2,614	$20,810	$3,327,054
10	$23,424	$2,630	$20,794	$3,324,424
11	$23,424	$2,646	$20,778	$3,321,778
12	$23,424	$2,663	$20,761	$3,319,115
13	$23,424	$2,680	$20,744	$3,316,435
14	$23,424	$2,696	$20,728	$3,313,739
15	$23,424	$2,713	$20,711	$3,311,026
16	$23,424	$2,730	$20,694	$3,308,296
17	$23,424	$2,747	$20,677	$3,305,548
18	$23,424	$2,764	$20,660	$3,302,784
19	$23,424	$2,782	$20,642	$3,300,003
20	$23,424	$2,799	$20,625	$3,297,204
21	$23,424	$2,816	$20,608	$3,294,387
22	$23,424	$2,834	$20,590	$3,291,553
23	$23,424	$2,852	$20,572	$3,288,701
24	$23,424	$2,870	$20,554	$3,285,832
25	$23,424	$2,888	$20,536	$3,282,944
26	$23,424	$2,906	$20,518	$3,280,038
27	$23,424	$2,924	$20,500	$3,277,115
28	$23,424	$2,942	$20,482	$3,274,173
29	$23,424	$2,960	$20,464	$3,271,212
30	$23,424	$2,979	$20,445	$3,268,233
31	$23,424	$2,998	$20,426	$3,265,236
32	$23,424	$3,016	$20,408	$3,262,220
33	$23,424	$3,035	$20,389	$3,259,184
34	$23,424	$3,054	$20,370	$3,256,130
35	$23,424	$3,073	$20,351	$3,253,057
36	$23,424	$3,092	$20,332	$3,249,965
37	$23,424	$3,112	$20,312	$3,246,853
38	$23,424	$3,131	$20,293	$3,243,722
39	$23,424	$3,151	$20,273	$3,240,571
40	$23,424	$3,170	$20,254	$3,237,401
41	$23,424	$3,190	$20,234	$3,234,210
42	$23,424	$3,210	$20,214	$3,231,000
43	$23,424	$3,230	$20,194	$3,227,770
44	$23,424	$3,250	$20,174	$3,224,520
45	$23,424	$3,271	$20,153	$3,221,249
46	$23,424	$3,291	$20,133	$3,217,958
47	$23,424	$3,312	$20,112	$3,214,646
48	$23,424	$3,332	$20,092	$3,211,313
49	$23,424	$3,353	$20,071	$3,207,960
50	$23,424	$3,374	$20,050	$3,204,586
51	$23,424	$3,395	$20,029	$3,201,190
52	$23,424	$3,417	$20,007	$3,197,774
53	$23,424	$3,438	$19,986	$3,194,336
54	$23,424	$3,459	$19,965	$3,190,877
55	$23,424	$3,481	$19,943	$3,187,396
56	$23,424	$3,503	$19,921	$3,183,893
57	$23,424	$3,525	$19,899	$3,180,368
58	$23,424	$3,547	$19,877	$3,176,821
59	$23,424	$3,569	$19,855	$3,173,253
60	$23,424	$3,591	$19,833	$3,169,661
61	$23,424	$3,614	$19,810	$3,166,048
62	$23,424	$3,636	$19,788	$3,162,412
63	$23,424	$3,659	$19,765	$3,158,753
64	$23,424	$3,682	$19,742	$3,155,071
65	$23,424	$3,705	$19,719	$3,151,366
66	$23,424	$3,728	$19,696	$3,147,638
67	$23,424	$3,751	$19,673	$3,143,887
68	$23,424	$3,775	$19,649	$3,140,112
69	$23,424	$3,798	$19,626	$3,136,314
70	$23,424	$3,822	$19,602	$3,132,492
71	$23,424	$3,846	$19,578	$3,128,646
72	$23,424	$3,870	$19,554	$3,124,776
73	$23,424	$3,894	$19,530	$3,120,882
74	$23,424	$3,918	$19,506	$3,116,963
75	$23,424	$3,943	$19,481	$3,113,020
76	$23,424	$3,968	$19,456	$3,109,053
77	$23,424	$3,992	$19,432	$3,105,060
78	$23,424	$4,017	$19,407	$3,101,043
79	$23,424	$4,042	$19,382	$3,097,000
80	$23,424	$4,068	$19,356	$3,092,933
81	$23,424	$4,093	$19,331	$3,088,839
82	$23,424	$4,119	$19,305	$3,084,721
83	$23,424	$4,145	$19,280	$3,080,576
84	$23,424	$4,170	$19,254	$3,076,406
85	$23,424	$4,196	$19,228	$3,072,209
86	$23,424	$4,223	$19,201	$3,067,987
87	$23,424	$4,249	$19,175	$3,063,738
88	$23,424	$4,276	$19,148	$3,059,462
89	$23,424	$4,302	$19,122	$3,055,160
90	$23,424	$4,329	$19,095	$3,050,830
91	$23,424	$4,356	$19,068	$3,046,474
92	$23,424	$4,384	$19,040	$3,042,090
93	$23,424	$4,411	$19,013	$3,037,680
94	$23,424	$4,439	$18,986	$3,033,241
95	$23,424	$4,466	$18,958	$3,028,775
96	$23,424	$4,494	$18,930	$3,024,281
97	$23,424	$4,522	$18,902	$3,019,758
98	$23,424	$4,551	$18,873	$3,015,208
99	$23,424	$4,579	$18,845	$3,010,629
100	$23,424	$4,608	$18,816	$3,006,021
101	$23,424	$4,636	$18,788	$3,001,385
102	$23,424	$4,665	$18,759	$2,996,720
103	$23,424	$4,695	$18,730	$2,992,025
104	$23,424	$4,724	$18,700	$2,987,301
105	$23,424	$4,753	$18,671	$2,982,548
106	$23,424	$4,783	$18,641	$2,977,765
107	$23,424	$4,813	$18,611	$2,972,952
108	$23,424	$4,843	$18,581	$2,968,109
109	$23,424	$4,873	$18,551	$2,963,235
110	$23,424	$4,904	$18,520	$2,958,332
111	$23,424	$4,934	$18,490	$2,953,397
112	$23,424	$4,965	$18,459	$2,948,432
113	$23,424	$4,996	$18,428	$2,943,436
114	$23,424	$5,028	$18,396	$2,938,408
115	$23,424	$5,059	$18,365	$2,933,349
116	$23,424	$5,091	$18,333	$2,928,259
117	$23,424	$5,122	$18,302	$2,923,136
118	$23,424	$5,154	$18,270	$2,917,982
119	$23,424	$5,187	$18,237	$2,912,795
120	$23,424	$5,219	$18,205	$2,907,576
121	$23,424	$5,252	$18,172	$2,902,325
122	$23,424	$5,284	$18,140	$2,897,040
123	$23,424	$5,318	$18,107	$2,891,723
124	$23,424	$5,351	$18,073	$2,886,372
125	$23,424	$5,384	$18,040	$2,880,988
126	$23,424	$5,418	$18,006	$2,875,570
127	$23,424	$5,452	$17,972	$2,870,118
128	$23,424	$5,486	$17,938	$2,864,632
129	$23,424	$5,520	$17,904	$2,859,112
130	$23,424	$5,555	$17,869	$2,853,558
131	$23,424	$5,589	$17,835	$2,847,969
132	$23,424	$5,624	$17,800	$2,842,344
133	$23,424	$5,659	$17,765	$2,836,685
134	$23,424	$5,695	$17,729	$2,830,990
135	$23,424	$5,730	$17,694	$2,825,260
136	$23,424	$5,766	$17,658	$2,819,494
137	$23,424	$5,802	$17,622	$2,813,692
138	$23,424	$5,838	$17,586	$2,807,853
139	$23,424	$5,875	$17,549	$2,801,978
140	$23,424	$5,912	$17,512	$2,796,067
141	$23,424	$5,949	$17,475	$2,790,118
142	$23,424	$5,986	$17,438	$2,784,132
143	$23,424	$6,023	$17,401	$2,778,109
144	$23,424	$6,061	$17,363	$2,772,048
145	$23,424	$6,099	$17,325	$2,765,950
146	$23,424	$6,137	$17,287	$2,759,813
147	$23,424	$6,175	$17,249	$2,753,638
148	$23,424	$6,214	$17,210	$2,747,424
149	$23,424	$6,253	$17,171	$2,741,171
150	$23,424	$6,292	$17,132	$2,734,880
151	$23,424	$6,331	$17,093	$2,728,549
152	$23,424	$6,371	$17,053	$2,722,178
153	$23,424	$6,410	$17,014	$2,715,768
154	$23,424	$6,450	$16,974	$2,709,317
155	$23,424	$6,491	$16,933	$2,702,826
156	$23,424	$6,531	$16,893	$2,696,295
157	$23,424	$6,572	$16,852	$2,689,723
158	$23,424	$6,613	$16,811	$2,683,110
159	$23,424	$6,655	$16,769	$2,676,455
160	$23,424	$6,696	$16,728	$2,669,759
161	$23,424	$6,738	$16,686	$2,663,021
162	$23,424	$6,780	$16,644	$2,656,241
163	$23,424	$6,822	$16,602	$2,649,418
164	$23,424	$6,865	$16,559	$2,642,553
165	$23,424	$6,908	$16,516	$2,635,645
166	$23,424	$6,951	$16,473	$2,628,694
167	$23,424	$6,995	$16,429	$2,621,699
168	$23,424	$7,038	$16,386	$2,614,661
169	$23,424	$7,082	$16,342	$2,607,579
170	$23,424	$7,127	$16,297	$2,600,452
171	$23,424	$7,171	$16,253	$2,593,281
172	$23,424	$7,216	$16,208	$2,586,065
173	$23,424	$7,261	$16,163	$2,578,804
174	$23,424	$7,306	$16,118	$2,571,497
175	$23,424	$7,352	$16,072	$2,564,145
176	$23,424	$7,398	$16,026	$2,556,747
177	$23,424	$7,444	$15,980	$2,549,303
178	$23,424	$7,491	$15,933	$2,541,812
179	$23,424	$7,538	$15,886	$2,534,274
180	$23,424	$7,585	$15,839	$2,526,689
181	$23,424	$7,632	$15,792	$2,519,057
182	$23,424	$7,680	$15,744	$2,511,377
183	$23,424	$7,728	$15,696	$2,503,649
184	$23,424	$7,776	$15,648	$2,495,873
185	$23,424	$7,825	$15,599	$2,488,048
186	$23,424	$7,874	$15,550	$2,480,175
187	$23,424	$7,923	$15,501	$2,472,252
188	$23,424	$7,972	$15,452	$2,464,279
189	$23,424	$8,022	$15,402	$2,456,257
190	$23,424	$8,072	$15,352	$2,448,185
191	$23,424	$8,123	$15,301	$2,440,062
192	$23,424	$8,174	$15,250	$2,431,888
193	$23,424	$8,225	$15,199	$2,423,664
194	$23,424	$8,276	$15,148	$2,415,387
195	$23,424	$8,328	$15,096	$2,407,060
196	$23,424	$8,380	$15,044	$2,398,680
197	$23,424	$8,432	$14,992	$2,390,247
198	$23,424	$8,485	$14,939	$2,381,763
199	$23,424	$8,538	$14,886	$2,373,225
200	$23,424	$8,591	$14,833	$2,364,633
201	$23,424	$8,645	$14,779	$2,355,988
202	$23,424	$8,699	$14,725	$2,347,289
203	$23,424	$8,753	$14,671	$2,338,536
204	$23,424	$8,808	$14,616	$2,329,728
205	$23,424	$8,863	$14,561	$2,320,864
206	$23,424	$8,919	$14,505	$2,311,946
207	$23,424	$8,974	$14,450	$2,302,971
208	$23,424	$9,030	$14,394	$2,293,941
209	$23,424	$9,087	$14,337	$2,284,854
210	$23,424	$9,144	$14,280	$2,275,710
211	$23,424	$9,201	$14,223	$2,266,510
212	$23,424	$9,258	$14,166	$2,257,251
213	$23,424	$9,316	$14,108	$2,247,935
214	$23,424	$9,374	$14,050	$2,238,561
215	$23,424	$9,433	$13,991	$2,229,128
216	$23,424	$9,492	$13,932	$2,219,636
217	$23,424	$9,551	$13,873	$2,210,084
218	$23,424	$9,611	$13,813	$2,200,473
219	$23,424	$9,671	$13,753	$2,190,802
220	$23,424	$9,731	$13,693	$2,181,071
221	$23,424	$9,792	$13,632	$2,171,279
222	$23,424	$9,854	$13,570	$2,161,425
223	$23,424	$9,915	$13,509	$2,151,510
224	$23,424	$9,977	$13,447	$2,141,533
225	$23,424	$10,039	$13,385	$2,131,494
226	$23,424	$10,102	$13,322	$2,121,391
227	$23,424	$10,165	$13,259	$2,111,226
228	$23,424	$10,229	$13,195	$2,100,997
229	$23,424	$10,293	$13,131	$2,090,704
230	$23,424	$10,357	$13,067	$2,080,347
231	$23,424	$10,422	$13,002	$2,069,926
232	$23,424	$10,487	$12,937	$2,059,439
233	$23,424	$10,553	$12,871	$2,048,886
234	$23,424	$10,618	$12,806	$2,038,268
235	$23,424	$10,685	$12,739	$2,027,583
236	$23,424	$10,752	$12,672	$2,016,831
237	$23,424	$10,819	$12,605	$2,006,012
238	$23,424	$10,886	$12,538	$1,995,126
239	$23,424	$10,954	$12,470	$1,984,171
240	$23,424	$11,023	$12,401	$1,973,149
241	$23,424	$11,092	$12,332	$1,962,057
242	$23,424	$11,161	$12,263	$1,950,896
243	$23,424	$11,231	$12,193	$1,939,665
244	$23,424	$11,301	$12,123	$1,928,364
245	$23,424	$11,372	$12,052	$1,916,992
246	$23,424	$11,443	$11,981	$1,905,549
247	$23,424	$11,514	$11,910	$1,894,035
248	$23,424	$11,586	$11,838	$1,882,448
249	$23,424	$11,659	$11,765	$1,870,790
250	$23,424	$11,732	$11,692	$1,859,058
251	$23,424	$11,805	$11,619	$1,847,253
252	$23,424	$11,879	$11,545	$1,835,375
253	$23,424	$11,953	$11,471	$1,823,422
254	$23,424	$12,028	$11,396	$1,811,394
255	$23,424	$12,103	$11,321	$1,799,291
256	$23,424	$12,178	$11,246	$1,787,113
257	$23,424	$12,255	$11,169	$1,774,858
258	$23,424	$12,331	$11,093	$1,762,527
259	$23,424	$12,408	$11,016	$1,750,119
260	$23,424	$12,486	$10,938	$1,737,633
261	$23,424	$12,564	$10,860	$1,725,069
262	$23,424	$12,642	$10,782	$1,712,427
263	$23,424	$12,721	$10,703	$1,699,706
264	$23,424	$12,801	$10,623	$1,686,905
265	$23,424	$12,881	$10,543	$1,674,024
266	$23,424	$12,961	$10,463	$1,661,063
267	$23,424	$13,042	$10,382	$1,648,020
268	$23,424	$13,124	$10,300	$1,634,897
269	$23,424	$13,206	$10,218	$1,621,691
270	$23,424	$13,288	$10,136	$1,608,402
271	$23,424	$13,371	$10,053	$1,595,031
272	$23,424	$13,455	$9,969	$1,581,576
273	$23,424	$13,539	$9,885	$1,568,037
274	$23,424	$13,624	$9,800	$1,554,413
275	$23,424	$13,709	$9,715	$1,540,704
276	$23,424	$13,795	$9,629	$1,526,909
277	$23,424	$13,881	$9,543	$1,513,028
278	$23,424	$13,968	$9,456	$1,499,061
279	$23,424	$14,055	$9,369	$1,485,006
280	$23,424	$14,143	$9,281	$1,470,863
281	$23,424	$14,231	$9,193	$1,456,632
282	$23,424	$14,320	$9,104	$1,442,312
283	$23,424	$14,410	$9,014	$1,427,903
284	$23,424	$14,500	$8,924	$1,413,403
285	$23,424	$14,590	$8,834	$1,398,813
286	$23,424	$14,681	$8,743	$1,384,131
287	$23,424	$14,773	$8,651	$1,369,358
288	$23,424	$14,866	$8,558	$1,354,493
289	$23,424	$14,958	$8,466	$1,339,534
290	$23,424	$15,052	$8,372	$1,324,482
291	$23,424	$15,146	$8,278	$1,309,336
292	$23,424	$15,241	$8,183	$1,294,096
293	$23,424	$15,336	$8,088	$1,278,760
294	$23,424	$15,432	$7,992	$1,263,328
295	$23,424	$15,528	$7,896	$1,247,800
296	$23,424	$15,625	$7,799	$1,232,175
297	$23,424	$15,723	$7,701	$1,216,452
298	$23,424	$15,821	$7,603	$1,200,630
299	$23,424	$15,920	$7,504	$1,184,710
300	$23,424	$16,020	$7,404	$1,168,691
301	$23,424	$16,120	$7,304	$1,152,571
302	$23,424	$16,220	$7,204	$1,136,351
303	$23,424	$16,322	$7,102	$1,120,029
304	$23,424	$16,424	$7,000	$1,103,605
305	$23,424	$16,526	$6,898	$1,087,079
306	$23,424	$16,630	$6,794	$1,070,449
307	$23,424	$16,734	$6,690	$1,053,715
308	$23,424	$16,838	$6,586	$1,036,877
309	$23,424	$16,944	$6,480	$1,019,933
310	$23,424	$17,049	$6,375	$1,002,884
311	$23,424	$17,156	$6,268	$985,728
312	$23,424	$17,263	$6,161	$968,465
313	$23,424	$17,371	$6,053	$951,094
314	$23,424	$17,480	$5,944	$933,614
315	$23,424	$17,589	$5,835	$916,025
316	$23,424	$17,699	$5,725	$898,326
317	$23,424	$17,809	$5,615	$880,517
318	$23,424	$17,921	$5,503	$862,596
319	$23,424	$18,033	$5,391	$844,563
320	$23,424	$18,145	$5,279	$826,418
321	$23,424	$18,259	$5,165	$808,159
322	$23,424	$18,373	$5,051	$789,786
323	$23,424	$18,488	$4,936	$771,298
324	$23,424	$18,603	$4,821	$752,695
325	$23,424	$18,720	$4,704	$733,975
326	$23,424	$18,837	$4,587	$715,138
327	$23,424	$18,954	$4,470	$696,184
328	$23,424	$19,073	$4,351	$677,111
329	$23,424	$19,192	$4,232	$657,919
330	$23,424	$19,312	$4,112	$638,607
331	$23,424	$19,433	$3,991	$619,174
332	$23,424	$19,554	$3,870	$599,620
333	$23,424	$19,676	$3,748	$579,944
334	$23,424	$19,799	$3,625	$560,144
335	$23,424	$19,923	$3,501	$540,221
336	$23,424	$20,048	$3,376	$520,174
337	$23,424	$20,173	$3,251	$500,001
338	$23,424	$20,299	$3,125	$479,702
339	$23,424	$20,426	$2,998	$459,276
340	$23,424	$20,554	$2,870	$438,722
341	$23,424	$20,682	$2,742	$418,040
342	$23,424	$20,811	$2,613	$397,229
343	$23,424	$20,941	$2,483	$376,288
344	$23,424	$21,072	$2,352	$355,216
345	$23,424	$21,204	$2,220	$334,012
346	$23,424	$21,336	$2,088	$312,675
347	$23,424	$21,470	$1,954	$291,206
348	$23,424	$21,604	$1,820	$269,602
349	$23,424	$21,739	$1,685	$247,863
350	$23,424	$21,875	$1,549	$225,988
351	$23,424	$22,012	$1,412	$203,976
352	$23,424	$22,149	$1,275	$181,827
353	$23,424	$22,288	$1,136	$159,539
354	$23,424	$22,427	$997	$137,113
355	$23,424	$22,567	$857	$114,546
356	$23,424	$22,708	$716	$91,837
357	$23,424	$22,850	$574	$68,987
358	$23,424	$22,993	$431	$45,995
359	$23,424	$23,137	$287	$22,858
360	$23,424	$23,281	$143	$0

Our powerful mortgage calculator tools helps you estimate your potential mortgage payment on the purchase of a property. Use our tool to find the ideal combination of interest rates, downpayment and real estate purchase price to see the payment that best suits you. Please consult a licensed loan officer to be pre-approved for financing options.

Listing Provided By

Mark Bridge an agent of . Lic #01316702

© 2025 CRMLS. All rights reserved. Some listings on this website are from CRMLS as of April 02, 2025 The information being provided is for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.